Sterilization is a process aimed at eliminating or destroying all microbial life forms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and spores. Sterilization’s primary objective is to completely eradicate potentially harmful microorganisms from surfaces, substances, or objects, rendering them free from any viable pathogenic agents.

Various methods are employed for Sterilization, depending on the nature of the items or surfaces being treated. Common sterilization techniques include autoclaving, chemical Sterilization, radiation, and filtration. Autoclaving, involving high-pressure steam, is widely used for heat-resistant materials, while chemical Sterilization employs disinfectants or sterilizing agents. Radiation methods, such as gamma radiation or ultraviolet light, target specific microorganisms, and filtration physically removes microbes from liquids or air.

Sterilization is a critical practice in healthcare settings, laboratories, and various industries where maintaining aseptic conditions is imperative to prevent the spread of infections and ensure product safety.